Lipophagy Enhances Fat Graft Retention by Stimulating Dedifferentiation of Mature Adipocytes and Modulating Inflammation

脂滴 自噬 脂肪组织 炎症 下调和上调 细胞生物学 脂肪生成 ATG5型 脂质代谢 化学 泡沫电池 巨噬细胞 生物 免疫学 生物化学 细胞凋亡 基因 体外
作者
Shujie Xu,Xinhui Wang,Yidan Xu,Yang Han,Yunjun Liao,Qiang Chang,Junrong Cai,Feng Lu,Jianhua Gao,Yi Yuan
出处
期刊:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery [Lippincott Williams & Wilkins]
被引量:1
标识
DOI:10.1097/prs.0000000000011903
摘要

Background: Maintaining lipid metabolic homeostasis is essential for cells to respond to environmental stresses, ensure survival, and preserve functionality. Lipophagy, a form of autophagy in which intracellular lysosomes target and degrade lipid droplets. The authors hypothesize that pharmacologically enhancing or disrupting lipophagy could either improve or impair the retention rates of fat grafts. Methods: Human fat graft nodules, retained for six months, were collected through surgical procedures for analysis. Additionally, a mouse fat graft model was established by mixing fragmented adipose tissue with the autophagy inducer rapamycin (Rapa), the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), or PBS, and subcutaneously implanting into the bilateral lower back of mice for localized activation or inhibition of lipophagy. Samples were collected at various time points for morphological, histological, transcriptomic, and gene expression analysis. Results: A significant increase in lipophagy was demonstrated in both human and mouse fat grafts. Rapa-induced upregulation of lipophagy promoted long-term retention of mouse fat grafts and resulted in fewer cysts and reduced fibrosis. Lipophagy activation facilitated the dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes and adipogenesis. Moreover, lipophagy enhanced the metabolism of oil droplets in macrophages. Activation of lipophagy also reduced long-term macrophage infiltration and collagen deposition in fat grafts while simultaneously increasing the proportion of M2 macrophages. Conclusion: Lipophagy was activated following fat grafting. Lipophagy improves fat graft retention and quality by stimulating the dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes, promoting oil metabolism, and reducing inflammation. Thus, lipophagy serves as a crucial integrative point connecting lipid metabolism, regeneration, and immunity in fat grafts.
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