Advancements in Shock Wave Lithotripsy: Pushing Boundaries with Innovative Technology and Techniques

This chapter explores the significant progress made in shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) for the treatment of urinary tract stones. SWL, a non-invasive treatment modality that uses shock waves to break up stones, is widely employed for urolithiasis treatment. A comprehensive overview of the development of SWL, driven by innovative technology and refined techniques is highlighted. These advancements encompass improvements in lithotripter design, imaging methods, and treatment planning. Notable topics include modifications in shock wave generation, focusing and localization techniques, as well as the clinical application of high-frequency shock waves or ‘burst-SWL’ that may revolutionize treatment outcomes. The impact of these techniques on treatment effectiveness, stone clearance, safety, potential complications, and patient comfort are also discussed. Furthermore, it delves into the challenges and limitations associated with SWL, such as the importance of tailoring treatment protocols to individual patient needs and considering cost-effectiveness in the era of advanced endo-urology.