Rituximab as induction therapy in pediatric kidney transplantation: A single‐center experience in four patients

Abstract Background The anti‐CD20 rituximab is often used in the treatment of children with steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome or EBV‐induced post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. This single‐center series reports the use of rituximab as induction therapy in pediatric kidney transplantation. Methods Four children who received rituximab as induction therapy for kidney transplantation since 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical and laboratory data were extracted from medical records. Results The patients (2 boys and 2 girls) were aged from 6.1 to 11.9 years and were treated with rituximab on the day of the transplantation procedure; all the transplants came from deceased donors. In all patients, rituximab was used because of positive EBV viral loads before kidney transplantation. Viral loads remained undetectable for the first 6 months after the transplantation procedure and remained below the 4.5 log threshold thereafter. After a median follow‐up of 2.3 years, none of the patients displayed rejection or de novo donor‐specific antibodies; the glomerular filtration rate remained above 70 ml/min/1.73 m 2 . No post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder was observed. Conclusion The results suggest that rituximab can be used as induction therapy to prevent EBV replication and its complications in case of positive viral load prior to kidney transplantation.