作者
Veronica L. Li,Yang He,Kévin Contrepois,Hailan Liu,Joon T. Kim,Amanda L. Wiggenhorn,Julia T. Tanzo,Alan Sheng-Hwa Tung,Xuchao Lyu,Peter‐James H. Zushin,Robert S. Jansen,Basil Michael,Kang Yong Loh,Andrew C. Yang,Christian S. Carl,Christian T. Voldstedlund,Wei Wei,Stephanie M. Terrell,Benjamin C. Moeller,Rick M. Arthur,Gareth A. Wallis,Koen van de Wetering,Andreas Stahl,Bente Kiens,Erik A. Richter,Steven M. Banik,M Snyder,Yong Xu,Jonathan Z. Long
摘要
Exercise confers protection against obesity, type 2 diabetes and other cardiometabolic diseases1–5. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate the metabolic benefits of physical activity remain unclear6. Here we show that exercise stimulates the production of N-lactoyl-phenylalanine (Lac-Phe), a blood-borne signalling metabolite that suppresses feeding and obesity. The biosynthesis of Lac-Phe from lactate and phenylalanine occurs in CNDP2+ cells, including macrophages, monocytes and other immune and epithelial cells localized to diverse organs. In diet-induced obese mice, pharmacological-mediated increases in Lac-Phe reduces food intake without affecting movement or energy expenditure. Chronic administration of Lac-Phe decreases adiposity and body weight and improves glucose homeostasis. Conversely, genetic ablation of Lac-Phe biosynthesis in mice increases food intake and obesity following exercise training. Last, large activity-inducible increases in circulating Lac-Phe are also observed in humans and racehorses, establishing this metabolite as a molecular effector associated with physical activity across multiple activity modalities and mammalian species. These data define a conserved exercise-inducible metabolite that controls food intake and influences systemic energy balance. A newly identified exercise-induced signalling metabolite—an amidated conjugate of lactate and phenylalanine—can reduce food intake and improve blood glucose homeostasis.