返老还童
面部修复
医学
面子(社会学概念)
Lift(数据挖掘)
除皱术
计算机科学
外科
社会学
数据挖掘
社会科学
作者
Behzad Iranmanesh,Maryam Khalili,Saman Mohammadi,Rezvan Amiri,Mahin Aflatoonian
摘要
Abstract Background Microbotox technique, intradermal injection of microdroplets of botulinum toxin, is a favorable rejuvenation approach in subjects who prefer more natural appearance. Aim To determine the best injection techniques (dosage, concentration, as well as number and location of injection points), efficacy and side effects of this innovative technique for facial rejuvenation. Methods We conducted a search in Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from conception until October 2021 with keywords “microbotox” OR “mesobotox” OR “intradermal injection” AND “botulinum toxin” AND “rejuvenation” AND “wrinkle” AND “face‐lift.” Results Twenty articles were included in this review article. Different types of formulation including onabotulinum toxin A (OBA), abobotulinum toxin A (ABO), and incobotulinum toxin A (IBA) were used. The most used concentrations were 10–20 u/cc of OBA. Number of injection points varied from 4 (forehead and periorbital areas) to 999 (entire face) with 2 mm to 2 cm apart. Adjuvant treatment modalities were cross‐linked hyaluronic acid, intense pulsed laser, and Fraxel laser. Most studies reported the initial results appeared after 5–14 days of procedure, lasting for nearly 3–6 months. Conclusion Microbotox is an efficient and attractive method for facial rejuvenation, mid‐lower face‐lifting, and fine wrinkles reduction in forehead, periocular, and cheek regions, especially in younger‐aged subjects. Furthermore, it is a suitable treatment for neck rejuvenation and recontouring of lower mandibular border, particularly in older subjects with marked skin laxity.
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