Voltammetric biosensors for analytical detection of cardiac troponin biomarkers in acute myocardial infarction

The fast and precise diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is of great importance for the survival of patients. Here, we provide key insights into the recent progress in amperometry/voltammetry biosensors for the detection of AMI biomarkers. Voltammetry-based biosensors have been developed to simultaneously detect multiplexed biomarkers, which can also serve as beneficial point-of-care diagnostic devices, and provide fast and cost-efficient tools for monitoring of biomarkers involved in AMI such as cardiac troponin (cTnI, cTnT) isoforms. Various voltammetry labeled and label-free techniques are articulated, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems are delineated with emphasis on the structural details and figures of merits of these methods. Much more robust and sensitive voltammetric biosensors are prognosticated to be developed by the integration of nanoscale advanced materials and progress in engineering through merging microfluidics in voltammetric techniques. Altogether, it is envisioned that the voltammetric biosensors be translated into clinical practice soon.