Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from the Red Sea Tunicate- Derived Fungus Penicillium commune DY004

Abstract: As a part of our ongoing interest to identify bioactive microbial secondary metabolites, the Red Sea tunicate derived Penicillium commune DY004 was investigated. A new dipeptide, penicillizine A (1) together with cyclo(L-Pro-L-Phe) (2), meleagrin (3), α-cyclopiazonic acid (4) and N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)acetamide (5) was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the cultures of the fungus. The structural determinations of 1-5 were supported by interpretation of their one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) data. In the evaluation of the compounds for their effects against three human tumorous cell lines, meleagrin (3) and α-cyclopiazonic acid (4) displayed the highest and potent activity against HeLa, U373 glioblastoma and MDA-MB-231 cell lines down up to 3.1 μg/mL. These results suggest that marine fungi are a copious source of drug leads with therapeutic potential. Meleagrin and α- cyclopiazonic acid could be used as potential scaffolds for the development of new and more effective drug leads.