[Genotype and phenotype of children with DEPDC5 gene variants related epilepsy].

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics and the features of electroencephalograph (EEG) of children with DEPDC5 gene variants related epilepsy. Methods: The clinical data, gene variation, EEG and head magnetic resonance image (MRI) of 20 epileptic children with DEPDC5 gene variants admitted to Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital from May 2017 to November 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Twenty patients with heterozygous DEPDC5 gene variants were enrolled, 8 of 20 patients were nonsense variants, 6 were missense variants, 3 were frame-shift variants, 2 were splicing variants, and 1 was large fragment deletion. Sixteen cases had hereditary variation and 4 had de novo variation. Fifteen of variations were novel. Nine were male, while 11 were female. Their latest follow-up age ranged from 10 months to 13 years and one month.The epilepsy onset age ranged from 3 hours to 11 years and 3 months, the median age was 10.5 months. Twelve (60%) patients had developmental delay. Nineteen patients had focal seizures, 7 had epileptic spasms, 1 had multiple seizure types including tonic, atypical absence, dystonic and myoclonic seizures. Epileptic form discharges were observed in 18 patients during the interictal phase, and 11 were focal discharges, 7 were multifocal discharges. Ten (50%) patients had abnormal brain MRI, including focal cortical dysplasia in 5 patients, undefined malformation of cortical development in 4 patients, hemimegalencephaly in 1 patient. Four patients were diagnosed as West syndrome and one patient was diagnosed as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Fourteen (70%) patients were diagnosed as drug-resistant epilepsy. Four patients became seizure-free by treatment with anti-epileptic drugs. Three children were treated with surgery, and 2 of them became seizure-free, 1 had more than 75% reduction in seizures. Conclusions: DEPDC5 gene variant epilepsy is inherited with incomplete penetrance and focal seizure is the major seizure type. However, epileptic spasms, generalized seizures can also be observed. Half of the patients brain malformations. Most of the patients are drug-resistant epilepsy. Patients with clear epileptogenic zones can be treated with surgery. Treatment-resistant patients are more likely to be complicated with developmental delay.目的： 总结DEPDC5基因变异相关癫痫患儿的临床和脑电图特点。 方法： 回顾性收集2017年5月至2020年11月在北京大学第一医院儿科就诊的20例DEPDC5基因变异癫痫患儿的病例资料，总结其临床表现、脑电图和影像学特点。 结果： 20例DEPDC5基因变异患儿中无义变异8例，错义变异6例，移码变异3例，剪接变异2例，大片段缺失1例；遗传性变异16例，新生变异4例；15种变异为尚未报道过的新变异。20例患儿中男9例、女11例，末次随访年龄10月龄至13岁1月龄；起病年龄为10.5月龄（3小时龄至11岁3月龄）。12例（60%）有发育落后。局灶性发作19例，痉挛发作7例，强直发作、不典型失神发作、失张力发作及肌阵挛发作1例。脑电图发作间期18例异常放电，其中局灶性放电11例，多灶性放电7例。头颅磁共振成像（MRI）异常10例（50%），其中局灶性皮质发育不良5例，未分类的皮质发育畸形4例，半侧巨脑畸形1例。4例诊断为West 综合征，1例为Lennox-Gastaut综合征。20例患儿中，14例（70%）符合药物难治性癫痫的诊断标准，4例药物治疗发作控制。手术治疗3例，术后发作控制2例，发作减少75%以上1例。 结论： DEPDC5基因变异有遗传外显率不全现象。局灶性发作最常见，病程中可有痉挛发作，少数患儿可仅表现为全面性发作；半数患儿可见脑结构异常；多数患儿为药物难治性癫痫，有明确致痫病灶者可手术治疗。发作控制不佳的患儿易合并发育落后。.