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The antimicrobial effects of ketamine combined with propofol: An in vitro study

抗菌剂 异丙酚 白色念珠菌 氯胺酮 肉汤微量稀释 金黄色葡萄球菌 微生物学 铜绿假单胞菌 最小抑制浓度 最低杀菌浓度 白色体 抗生素 化学 细菌 医学 生物 药理学 麻醉 遗传学
作者
Zekine Begeç,Aytaç Yücel,Yusuf Yakupoğulları,Mehmet Ali Erdoğan,Yücel Duman,Mahmut Durmuş,M. Özcan Ersoy
出处
期刊:Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:63 (6): 461-465 被引量:32
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.bjane.2012.09.004
摘要

Ketamine and propofol are the general anesthetics that also have antimicrobial and microbial growth-promoting effects, respectively. Although these agents are frequently applied together during clinical use, there is no data about their total effect on microbial growth when combined. In this study, we investigated some organisms' growth in a ketamine and propofol mixture. We used standard strains including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans in this study. Time-growth analysis was performed to assess microbial growth rates in 1% propofol. Antimicrobial activity of ketamine, alone and in propofol was studied with microdilution method. In propofol, studied strains grew from 103-104 cfu/mL to ≥105 cfu/mL concentrations within 8-16 hours depending on the type of organism. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) (for candida, minimal fungicidal concentration) of ketamine were determined as follows (MIC, MBC): E.coli 312.5, 312.5 μg/mL; S.aureus 19.5, 156 μg/mL; P.aeruginosa 312.5, 625 μg/mL; and C.albicans 156, 156 μg/ml. In ketamine+propofol mixture, ketamine exhibited antimicrobial activity to E.coli, P.aeruginosa and C.albicans as MBCs at 1250, 625 and 625 μg/mL, respectively. Growth of S. aureus was not inhibited in this mixture (ketamine concentration=1250 μg/mL). Ketamine has sustained its antimicrobial activity in a dose-dependent manner against some organisms in propofol, which is a strong microbial growth-promoting solution. Combined use of ketamine and propofol in routine clinical application may reduce the risk of infection caused by accidental contamination. However, one must keep in mind that ketamine cannot reduce all pathogenic threats in propofol mixture.
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