征用
共产主义
经济
经济不平等
再分配(选举)
收入和财富的再分配
社会主义
中国
国家(计算机科学)
市场经济
国家所有制
经济体制
不平等
政治
发展经济学
经济政策
宏观经济学
政治学
失业
数学分析
数学
算法
法学
新兴市场
计算机科学
出处
期刊:China Journal
[The University of Chicago Press]
日期:2023-07-01
卷期号:90: 1-26
摘要
With modest income differences and virtually no private wealth four decades ago, China’s inequalities of income and wealth are now almost as extreme as in the United States and Russia. Despite unusually high levels of state control over national assets and strong fiscal capacity, redistribution of income and wealth is barely measurable. This puzzling outcome is a by-product of China’s highly distinctive political and economic structures, which retain many features of the prior state socialist model. These structures are designed to maintain Communist Party control, enforce the priorities of the central Party-state, and push rapid growth through high levels of investment. They include migration controls coupled with state ownership of land, an enduringly large capital-intensive state sector served by a financial system dominated by state banks, a tax base heavily dependent on the scale of production, a fiscal system that favors central priorities and drives subnational governments into land expropriation and property development, and the near absence of taxes on household property and related income.
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