Relationship between B-Cell Populations, Development and Function of B-Cell Subsets

The intricate interplay among B-cell populations maintains human health. The study of B cells at the granular level has confirmed the definition of different B-cell populations with distinct functions, based on phenotype, gene expression, variable heavy chain (VH) usage and antigen specificity. All the other populations of B cells detected in the peripheral blood are generated by immunological experience. The B-cell compartment is fluid and in continuous evolution. Transitional and mature-naive B cells fuel all the other populations, which, in turn, are selected and shaped by the signals initiated by the B-cell receptor (BCR) and modulated by cytokines. B-cell populations are interrelated, and their developmental trajectories and multifaceted functionality are the subject of intense immunological research. Investigating the dynamic relationships that govern the emergence, maturation and specialised roles of various B-cell subsets offers insights into the orchestration of the whole immune response. This exploration not only enhances our comprehension of fundamental immunological processes but also holds the potential to unveil novel therapeutic avenues for immune-related disorders, infectious diseases and cancer.