Eloquent noneloquence: redefinition of cortical eloquence based on outcomes of superficial cerebral cavernous malformation resection

医学 病变 改良兰金量表 脑岛 病态的 扣带回前部 辅助电机区 额叶 外科 放射科 神经科学 病理 内科学 认知 缺血 功能磁共振成像 心理学 缺血性中风 精神科
作者
Benjamin K Hendricks,Lea Scherschinski,Jubran H. Jubran,Nicholas B. Dadario,Katherine Karahalios,Dimitri Benner,Danielle VanBrabant,Michael T. Lawton
出处
期刊:Journal of Neurosurgery [Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group]
卷期号:: 1-15 被引量:2
标识
DOI:10.3171/2023.12.jns232588
摘要

OBJECTIVE Cerebral cavernous malformations (CMs) are pathological lesions that cause discrete cortical disruption with hemorrhage, and their transcortical resections can cause additional iatrogenic disruption. The analysis of microsurgically treated CMs might identify areas of "eloquent noneloquence," or cortex that is associated with unexpected deficits when injured or transgressed. METHODS Patients from a consecutive microsurgical series of superficial cerebral CMs who presented to the authors’ center over a 13-year period were retrospectively analyzed. Neurological outcomes were measured using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and new, permanent neurological or cognitive symptoms not detected by changes in mRS scores were measured as additional functional decline. Patients with multiple lesions and surgical encounters for different lesions within the study interval were represented within the cohort as multiple patient entries. Virtual object models for CMs and approach trajectories to subcortical lesions were merged into a template brain model for subtyping and Quicktome connectomic analyses. Parcellation outputs from the models were analyzed for regional cerebral clustering. RESULTS Overall, 362 CMs were resected in 346 patients, and convexity subtypes were the most common (132/362, 36.5%). Relative to the preoperative mRS score, 327 of 362 cases (90.3%) were in patients who improved or remained stable, 35 (9.7%) were in patients whose conditions worsened, and 47 (13.0%) were in patients who had additional functional decline. Machine learning analyses of lesion objects and trajectory cylinder mapping identified 7 hotspots of novel eloquence: supplementary motor area (bilateral), anterior cingulate cortex (bilateral), posterior cingulate cortex (bilateral), anterior insula (left), frontal pole (right), mesial temporal lobe (left), and occipital cortex (right). CONCLUSIONS Transgyral and transsulcal resections that circumvent areas of traditional eloquence and navigate areas of presumed noneloquence may nonetheless result in unfavorable outcomes, demonstrating that brain long considered by neurosurgeons to be noneloquent may be eloquent. Eloquent hotspots within multiple large-scale networks redefine the neurosurgical concept of eloquence and call for more refined dissection techniques that maximize transsulcal dissection, intracapsular resection, and tissue preservation. Human connectomics, awareness of brain networks, and prioritization of cognitive outcomes require that we update our concept of cortical eloquence and incorporate this information into our surgical strategies.

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