The population of inactive HBsAg carriers (IHCs) is enormous, and it is often overlooked because of the insidious progression and mild severity of the disease. With the continuous enrichment and consolidation of research evidence, the population of IHC has obtained a high clinical cure rate through a treatment strategy based on pegylated interferon α and a stronger treatment intention. This article reviews the definition and treatment recommendations of IHCs in current domestic and international guidelines, as well as the disease progression and clinical cure research progress, so as to provide a reference and basis for scientific management and rational therapeutics.非活动性HBsAg携带状态(IHCs)人群基数庞大,往往因疾病进展隐匿、病情较轻而被忽视。随着IHCs临床治愈的研究证据不断丰富和夯实,IHCs通过基于聚乙二醇干扰素α的治疗策略可获得较高的临床治愈率,IHCs人群的治疗意愿也更加强烈。现综述目前国内外指南对IHCs的定义及其治疗建议、IHCs的疾病进展情况及临床治愈研究进展,为IHCs的科学管理和合理治疗提供参考和依据。.