A systematic review of VR/AR applications in vocational education: models, affects, and performances

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a systematic review of the application models, affects, and performance outcomes of VR/AR in vocational education. The analysis is based on journal articles retrieved from renowned databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO, spanning from January 2000 to January 2022. It highlights the pedagogical value of VR/AR in teaching, presents the current research status of their implementation in vocational education, and suggests future research directions. VR/AR tools or environments have emerged in the past two decades to enhance vocational education, offering new ways to develop learner's practical abilities and theoretical concepts, innovate teaching methods, and advance vocational education. Although VR/AR is being integrated into classrooms, it is still in its early stages. Future research should focus on multidimensional investigations, cross-curricular integration, immersive training, and evaluating learning outcomes and learners and teachers' in-depth interactions with VR/AR technologies. This paper identifies research gaps, expands the scope, and provides directions for researchers and software designers.KEYWORDS: Virtual realityaugmented realityvocational educationsystematic review3T model Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work is supported by a grant from National Planning Office of Philosophy and Social Sciences of China (Project No. BJA220259) "Research on the construction of evaluation standard system of vocational education textbooks from the perspective of high-quality development."Notes on contributorsYingjie LiuYingjie Liu, Master student, School of Information Technology, Tianjin University of Technology and Education.Qinglong ZhanQinglong Zhan, Professor, Ph.D., School of Information Technology, Tianjin University of Technology and Education. Reviewers of journals such as Computers & Education, IEEE Transaction series, Journal of Electronics, etc.Wenping ZhaoWenping Zhao, Professor, Ph.D., School of Vocational Education, Tianjin University of Technology and education.