Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination induces a trained innate immunity phenotype in adults over 50 years of age: A randomized trial in Guinea-Bissau

The beneficial effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as an intervention against non-mycobacterial infections have been extensively studied in randomized trials. These non-specific effects have been linked to a heterologous increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine production by innate immune cells. It is unknown if BCG induces such responses in older individuals from TB-endemic countries.