Does the Composition of Gut Microbiota Affect Chronic Kidney Disease? Molecular Mechanisms Contributed to Decreasing Glomerular Filtration Rate

肾脏疾病 合生元 肾功能 微生物群 医学 益生菌 疾病 肠道菌群 生理学 尿毒症毒素 氧化应激 内科学 生物 生物信息学 免疫学 细菌 遗传学
作者
Ewelina Młynarska,Emilian Budny,Maciej Saar,Ewa Wojtanowska,Justyna Jankowska,Szymon Marciszuk,Marcin Mazur,Jacek Rysz,Beata Franczyk
出处
期刊:International Journal of Molecular Sciences [MDPI AG]
卷期号:25 (19): 10429-10429
标识
DOI:10.3390/ijms251910429
摘要

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a very prevalent and insidious disease, particularly with initially poorly manifested symptoms that progressively culminate in the manifestation of an advanced stage of the condition. The gradual impairment of kidney function, particularly decreased filtration capacity, results in the retention of uremic toxins and affects numerous molecular mechanisms within the body. The dysbiotic intestinal microbiome plays a crucial role in the accumulation of protein-bound uremic toxins such as p-cresol (pC), indoxyl sulfate (IS), and p-cresyl sulfate (p-CS) through the ongoing fermentation process. The described phenomenon leads to an elevated level of oxidative stress and inflammation, subsequently resulting in tissue damage and complications, particularly an increase in cardiovascular risk, representing the predominant cause of mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, exploring methods to reduce uremic toxins is currently a pivotal therapeutic strategy aimed at reducing the risk of organ damage in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review aims to summarize recent discoveries on modifying the composition of the intestinal microbiota through the introduction of special probiotic and synbiotic supplements for CKD therapy. The potential to connect the gut microbiota with CKD opens the possibility for further extensive research in this area, which could lead to the incorporation of synbiotics and probiotics into the fundamental treatment and prevention of CKD.
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