[The potential effect mechanism and research progress of extreme temperature exposure on asthma attacks].

Asthma is one of the common chronic respiratory diseases, and its incidence has been increasing worldwide in recent years. In the context of climate change, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events are increasing. A large body of evidence suggests that exposure to extreme temperatures can increase the risk of asthma attacks, but the underlying mechanisms that trigger asthma attacks are still unclear. This study aims to systematically review the research progress on the association between extreme temperature and asthma attacks, and to elucidate the synergistic effects of extreme temperatures, indoor/outdoor environments, and individual vulnerabilities on asthma attacks. Additionally, this review discusses the potential mechanisms of asthma attacks triggered by extreme temperature, and highlights the important role of immune regulation and neuroregulation in the inflammatory response of asthma induced by extreme temperature. Moreover, we propose a potential mechanism framework to explain the disease pathogenesis of asthma which is induced by the interactions between extreme temperature and environmental factors, in order to provide a scientific basis for addressing the adverse impacts of extreme weather events and climate change.哮喘作为常见的慢性呼吸系统疾病，近年来发病率在全球范围呈逐年上升趋势。气候变化背景下，极端天气事件的发生频率和强度都在不断增加，大量关联性研究表明极端气温暴露会增加哮喘发作的风险，但诱发哮喘发作的潜在影响机制仍不清楚。本文旨在系统梳理极端气温与哮喘发作的关联性研究进展，阐明极端气温与室内外环境因素协同以及个体脆弱性对哮喘发作的影响；探讨极端气温诱发哮喘发作的潜在影响机制，强调免疫调节和神经调节在极端气温诱发哮喘炎症反应中的重要调节作用；并提出极端气温与环境因素相互作用诱发哮喘的发病机制框架，以期为应对极端天气和气候变化提供科学依据。.