Colesevelam – a bile acid sequestrant for treating hypercholesterolemia and improving hyperglycemia

Low density Lipoprotein cholesterol)LDL-C) levels show a clear relationship with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Statins are first line agents to reduce LDL-C and CVD risk. However, combination lipid-lowering therapy is often required to achieve large reductions in LDL-C.Colesevelam HCl is a bile acid sequestrant (BAS), which reduces LDL-C by 16-22% in monotherapy and adds a further 12-14% reduction in LDL-C when combined with other lipid-lowering drugs. Like statins, colesevelam reduces C-reactive protein levels by 16% in monotherapy and additional 6% when added to statins. Colesevelam also reduced HbA1c by 4 mmol/mol (0.5%) when used alone and added to other hypoglycemic drugs in studies of patients with diabetes .Bile acid sequestrants reduce LDL-C and HbA1c and have some CVD outcome evidence. The uses of these agents are limited in patients with gastrointestinal disease or high triglycerides due to adverse effects on gut function and raising triglycerides and they interfere with the absorption of lipid-soluble drugs. Colesevelam has a higher bile acid binding capacity, and fewer adverse effects than other BAS. Colesevelam may be useful as a third line agent for treatment of hypercholesterolemia with some additional specific benefits on glycemic control.