Catalpol attenuates polycystic ovarian syndrome by regulating sirtuin 1 mediated NF-κB signaling pathway

Oxidative stress plays a central role in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Catalpol (CAT) is the active ingredient of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch which has therapeutic effect on PCOS. However, little is known about the mechanism of CAT in PCOS. PCOS rats were induced by subcutaneous injection of dehydroepiandrosteronec for four weeks and then were treated with CAT (50 mg/kg) or carboxyl methyl cellulose (the solvent of CAT) or normal saline for another 4 weeks. Histopathological observation of ovarian tissues, the levels of testosterone, estradiol and progesterone in rat plasma samples, the oxidative stress related-indexes and the expressions of NF-κB pathway-related proteins were determined. KGN cell (human ovarian granulosa cell line) was used as PCOS cell model and was transfected with siSIRT1 in the presence of CAT. The viability, proliferation and apoptosis of cells and the levels of SIRT1 and NF-κB pathway-related proteins were measured. CAT lessened the anthropometric indices and improved ovarian damage in PCOS model rats, and reduced the levels of testosterone, estradiol, progesterone and MDA, increased GSH content, and elevated the activities of catalase, GSH-Px and SOD in ovarian tissues of PCOS model rats. CAT up-regulated SIRT1 level and inhibited the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway in PCOS rat model and KGN cells. Silencing SIRT1 increased the viability and proliferation, whilst decreased the apoptosis of CAT-treated KGN cells. Silencing SIRT1 counteracted the effect of CAT on the level of oxidative stress-related factors and NF-κB signaling pathway in KGN cells. CAT attenuated PCOS by regulating SIRT1 mediated NF-κB signaling pathway.