Effect of Lactation on Proteome of Milk Fat Globule Membrane of Laoshan Dairy Goat

The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) has a unique structure with diverse functions, and its composition is affected by many factors. Systematic studies on goat MFGM proteome profiling throughout lactation are scarce. In this study, individual milk samples from 15 healthy Laoshan dairy goats were collected at six lactation time points, and MFGM proteomes during the entire lactation period were analyzed using data-independent acquisition (DIA) and data-dependent acquisition (DDA) proteomics approaches coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. We found 890 differentially abundant MFGM proteins throughout the lactation cycle using the DIA approach. Among them, some proteins were upregulated from 1 to 240 days, while others were downregulated from 1 to 240 days. Protein-protein interaction analysis showed that albumin was a central protein. These findings provide a clearer picture of the biological characteristics of MFGM protein in goat milk over lactation stages.