Triaxial Coils In Situ Calibration Method Based on Measuring the Alternating Magnetic Field-Induced Dynamic Response of the SERF Magnetometer

The calibration results of the triaxial coils affect the atomic magnetometer’s measurement sensitivity. For precise in situ calibration, we first studied the transient atomic dynamics of a dual-beam spin-exchange relaxation free (SERF) atomic magnetometer under alternating magnetic fields. We obtained the corresponding dynamic free-induction-decay (FID) curves by alternately applying square wave signals to the ${x}$ -, ${y}$ -, and ${z}$ -axis coil, and then extracted the precession frequencies by fast Fourier transform (FFT) to achieve a decoupled calibration of the triaxial coil constants. Our calibration results were in better agreement under different experimental conditions than traditional parameter fitting methods with a relative error of less than 1.5% compared to conventional fluxgate calibration methods. Furthermore, we simultaneously measured nonorthogonal angles between each pair of axes: x–y, y–z, and z–x, respectively, which are used to correct the magnetic fields error. This method is suitable for coil calibration and nonorthogonal correction of integrated and miniaturized dual beam magnetometers.