Heterogeneous pair-approximation analysis for susceptible–infectious–susceptible epidemics on networks

The pair heterogeneous mean-field (PHMF) model has been used extensively in previous studies to investigate the dynamics of susceptible–infectious–susceptible epidemics on complex networks. However, the approximate treatment of the classical or reduced PHMF models lacks a rigorous theoretical analysis. By means of the standard and full PHMF models, we first derived the equivalent conditions for the approximate model treatment. Furthermore, we analytically derived a novel epidemic threshold for the PHMF model, and we demonstrated via numerical simulations that this threshold condition differs from all those reported in earlier studies. Our findings indicate that both the reduced and full PHMF models agree well with continuous-time stochastic simulations, especially when infection is spreading at considerably higher rates.