Analysis of Lipid Molecule Profiling and Conversion Pathway in Mandarin Fish (Siniperca chuatsi) during Fermentation via Untargeted Lipidomics

Lipids are the key aroma contributors and nutrients in fermented fish products. A total of 376 lipid molecules were identified in mandarin fish during fermentation by untargeted lipidomics, including glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, lysoglycerophospholipid, sphingolipids, fatty acids (FAs), and sterol lipids. Both lipid composition and content changed dynamically during fermentation. Triglyceride (TAG, 30.05%) and phosphatidylcholine (PC, 14.87%) were the two major lipids, with especially 39.36% saturated FAs in PCs and 35.34% polyunsaturated FAs in TAGs. The content of TAGs and PCs reached a peak point at 0 and 6 days, respectively. Fermented mandarin fish expressed a high nutritional value, and the ratio of total linoleic acid/total linolenic acid was about 5:1. Glycerophospholipid metabolism was a potential metabolic pathway, and the oxidation of derived FAs contributed to flavor. These data progress in understanding lipid dynamic variation during fermentation and provide thoughts on controlling the flavor quality and safety of fermented fish products.