Suppressing Jahn–Teller distortion and locking lattice water with doped Fe(iii) in birnessite toward fast and stable zinc-ion batteries

substitution and lattice water cooperatively stabilize the interlayer structure, accelerate zinc-ion diffusion, and improve electronic conductivity. Notably, Fe doping is conducive to alleviating the Jahn-Teller effect and locking lattice water, which effectively prevents phase transformation and lattice collapse during the (de)intercalation process. This work sheds light on the synergistic interplay between dopants and structural water in zinc-ion storage and demonstrates instructive strategies to regulate layered structures for ZIBs.