Evaluation of pulmonary tuberculosis disease burden in Shenyang, China, 2023

Background Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is one of the most serious infectious diseases worldwide and poses a great threat to people’s health. China has a vast territory with substantial regional disparities in the PTB disease burden. However, there have been no studies conducted to evaluate the PTB disease burden in Shenyang. The aim was to elucidate the magnitude, composition, and distribution of PTB disease burden in Shenyang. Methods The disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) calculated based on Global Burden of Disease (GBD) framework was used to assess the disease burden of PTB in Shenyang in 2023, and descriptive epidemiological methods were employed to elucidate the magnitude, composition, and distribution characteristics of PTB disease burden in Shenyang. Results In 2023, 4,169 PTB cases were reported in Shenyang, including 2,901 males and 1,268 females. The incidence of PTB was 45.50/10⁵, of which 64.29/10⁵ for males and 27.30/10⁵ for females. The incidence among males was higher than that among females (X² = 688.56, p<0.001). The highest incidence was 107.00/10⁵ in the group of the population aged 80 and above (X² = 1171.75, p<0.001). In 2023, 189 PTB deaths were reported in Shenyang, including 156 males and 33 females. The mortality of PTB was 2.06/10⁵ of which 3.46/10⁵ for males and 0.71/10⁵ for females. The mortality among males was higher than that among females (X² = 83.69, p<0.001). The highest mortality was 16.04/10⁵ in the group of the population aged 80 and above (X² = 285.61, p<0.001). The PTB DALYs rate was 58.25/10⁵, of which 91.73/10⁵ for males and 21.22/10⁵ for females. The DALYs rate among males was higher than that among females (X² = 44.04, p<0.001). The highest DALYs rate was 149.86/10⁵ in the group of the population aged 80 and above (X² = 305.35, p<0.001). Years of life lost (YLLs) due to PTB accounted for 71.38% of total DALYs, of which 74.33% for males and 52.89% for females. Conclusion The disease burden of PTB in Shenyang in 2023 was lower than that in China, showing characteristics of that the disease burden increased with age, and males was higher than that of females. The predominant disease burden of PTB was attributed to YLLs, accounting for as much as 71.38%, indicating that PTB primarily results in premature mortality rather than disability. Therefore, the focus should be shifted towards early intervention to reduce transmission, especially for the aged males.