Research on online anomaly detection methods for bearing degradation

Abstract In industrial applications, rolling bearings operate under conditions of high precision and high speed, and their physical and mechanical characteristics change with the increase in operating time. Traditional diagnostic methods struggle to adapt well to the changing characteristics of bearings for online anomaly detection. Therefore, this research proposes an online anomaly detection method for rolling bearings based on time-density-weighted incremental support vector data description (TISVDD). A classification strategy is proposed to prevent samples misclassification in the updating process. The Detection Boundary is established based on SVDD decision boundary to enhance the recognition of abnormal samples in the process of model updating. A dual-screening mechanism update strategy for support vectors is proposed. It involves establishing a preliminary screening mechanism based on the Elimination Boundary. On this basis, an in-depth screening mechanism based on time density weight is introduced by considering spatiotemporal characteristics of samples, enhancing the real-time performance of online anomaly detection for bearings. Building upon the fused dual-boundary SVDD, a TISVDD framework for online anomaly detection is proposed, enabling the detection model to dynamically update in response to data changes over time. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments were conducted using the XJTU-SY bearing dataset and real-time datasets collected on an online hardware platform. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the method in practical applications.