Molecular evolution of two duplicated CDPK genes CPK7 and CPK12 in grass species: A case study in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

亚功能化 生物 新功能化 功能分歧 基因 非同义代换 基因家族 基因复制 遗传学 否定选择 同义替换 适应(眼睛) 进化生物学 基因表达 基因组 密码子使用偏好性 神经科学
作者
Shuaifeng Geng,Yongliang Zhao,Lichuan Tang,Rongzhi Zhang,Minghui Sun,Hanzi Guo,Xiuying Kong,Aili Li,Long Mao
出处
期刊:Gene [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:475 (2): 94-103 被引量:28
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.gene.2010.12.015
摘要

Gene duplication contributes to the expansion of gene families and subsequent functional diversification. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are members of an important calcium sensor family involved in abiotic and biotic stress signaling in plants. We report here the molecular evolution and expression analysis of a pair of duplicated CDPK genes CPK7 and CPK12 that arose in the common ancestor of grass species. With higher nonsynonymous/synonymous ratios (dN/dS, or ω), CPK12 genes appear to diverge more rapidly than CPK7s, suggesting relaxed selection constraints on CPK12s. Sliding window analysis revealed increased dN and ω values at N-terminal regions and the calcium-binding EF hand loops. Likelihood analyses using various models in PAML 4.0 showed purifying selection on both CPK7 and CPK12 lineages. In addition to the divergence in cis-element combinations on their promoters, functional divergence of CPK7 and CPK12 genes was also observed in wheat where TaCPK7 was found to respond to drought (PEG), salt (NaCl), cold, and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) while TaCPK12 responded only to the treatment of ABA, a feature that may complement or expand TaCPK7-mediated stress signaling networks of wheat. The contrasting expression patterns of CPK7 and CPK12 genes under stress conditions were also observed in rice, suggesting conservative functional evolution of these genes. Since no positive selection was detected between the two lineages, the divergence of CPK7 and CPK12 genes should be ascribed to subfunctionalization, rather than neofunctionalization. Thus, our work demonstrates another case of evolutionary employment of duplicated genes via subfunctionalization for better adaptation.
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