Infantile Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of Spleen

Background: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a mesenchymal neoplasm with unknown etiology and recurrent potential. They are widely reported in children and young adults. Nearly 50% of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor harbor rearrangement in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene with the majority expressing ALK protein. ALK-negative IMTs harbor alteration in ROS1 gene in a subset of cases. Few reports have shown association of IMT with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Case report: We report a case of IMT of the spleen in an 18-month-old infant presenting with abdominal distention and failure to thrive. Workup for ALK-1, ROS1, and EBV small-encoded RNA in-situ hybridization using immunohistochemistry was negative. Conclusions: IMT can arise in an infant spleen.