Trust Measurement in Human–Automation Interaction: A Systematic Review

This systematic review summarizes current measurements of trust in human-automation interaction. A total of 217 articles were found, and it was determined that 44 articles contained relevant information and met inclusion criteria. The results of the review showed that 75% ( n = 33) of articles used subjective measures of trust only, and 41% ( n = 18) used researcher-defined methods of measuring trust instead of peer-reviewed and validated scales. Of 10 defined industries, the highest number of articles ( n = 14) were assigned to the automotive industry, followed by aviation, military, and security ( n = 6). The automated systems studied in relevant articles were decision aids, automated control and navigation systems, and process control systems. This review showed that research of trust in human-automation interaction (1) has the tendency to use subjective measures of trust as the primary or only measure, (2) has the tendency to individually define trust and how it is measured, and (3) is heavily composed of research on automotive automation. Best practices and future research are discussed.