WUSCHEL: a master regulator in plant growth signaling

This review summarizes recent knowledge on functions of WUS and WUS-related homeobox (WOX) transcription factors in diverse signaling pathways governing shoot meristem biology and several other aspects of plant dynamics. Transcription factors (TFs) are master regulators involved in controlling different cellular and biological functions as well as diverse signaling pathways in plant growth and development. WUSCHEL (WUS) is a homeodomain transcription factor necessary for the maintenance of the stem cell niche in the shoot apical meristem, the differentiation of lateral primordia, plant cell totipotency and other diverse cellular processes. Recent research about WUS has uncovered several unique features including the complex signaling pathways that further improve the understanding of vital network for meristem biology and crop productivity. In addition, several reports bridge the gap between WUS expression and plant signaling pathway by identifying different WUS and WUS-related homeobox (WOX) genes during the formation of shoot (apical and axillary) meristems, vegetative-to-embryo transition, genetic transformation, and other aspects of plant growth and development. In this respect, the WOX family of TFs comprises multiple members involved in diverse signaling pathways, but how these pathways are regulated remains to be elucidated. Here, we review the current status and recent discoveries on the functions of WUS and newly identified WOX family members in the regulatory network of various aspects of plant dynamics.