没有什么
安慰剂
心理学
替代医学
心理治疗师
医学
精神科
认识论
哲学
病理
出处
期刊:International Review of Neurobiology
日期:2020-01-01
卷期号:: 3-26
被引量:12
标识
DOI:10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.028
摘要
Throughout the history of medicine, multiple conceptions of "placebo" and "placebo effect" have often co-existed across different domains, and today the meaning of these concepts is still disputed. Against this background, this chapter provides a succinct account of the key events in the history of the concepts of "placebo," "placebo control," and "placebo effect." The first section reconstructs the etymology of the term "placebo" and its first introduction in medicine. The next sections provide an account of how placebos have been employed in both medical practice and scientific research in modern medicine. Later sections trace the emergence of the concepts of "placebo control" and "placebo effect" in the first half of the 20th century, from the first empirical studies investigating the effects of placebos up to the publication of Beecher's landmark article "The Powerful Placebo." Finally, the last two sections review the varieties of randomized, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) in the second half of the 20th century, and the subsequent wave of empirical studies that, starting from the 1970s, have investigated the psychological, pharmacological and neurobiological mechanisms of placebo effects.
科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI