[Investigation of reason and treatment methods for active, refractory and recurrence thyroid associated ophthalmopathy].

TAO is a common autoimmune orbital disease. 20% to 30% patients in active phase of moderate to severe TAO have no reponse to treatment or relapse after treatment, which become a difficult problem in clinical treatment. In this paper, the necessity of the treatment, etiology, treatment difficulties and treatment measures of TAO are discussed, in order to make great efforts to solve the clinical problems and to treat such patients. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2017, 53: 408-412).TAO是临床常见的自身免疫性眼眶疾病。20%~30％活动期中重度TAO患者对于糖皮质激素、眼眶减压术、眼眶放射和免疫靶向治疗无效或治愈后复发，成为临床治疗的难题。本文从疾病治疗的必要性以及病因、治疗难点及措施等方面进行深入探讨，以期尽最大努力解决临床难题，救治此类患者。（中华眼科杂志，2017，53：408-412）.