Coagulopathy in cytogenetically and molecularly distinct acute leukemias at diagnosis: Comprehensive study

We analyzed the characteristics of coagulopathy in cytogenetically and molecularly distinct acute leukemias. We retrospectively analyzed 211 adult patients with de novo non-acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and 105 newly diagnosed patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) occurrence was assessed according the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) criteria. Further, we analyzed the associations of the cytogenetics and mutations with DIC development and coagulation profile. Significant differences were observed between APL and non-APL AML (P = 0.001), APL and B-ALL (P = 0.002), and non-APL AML and B-ALL (P = 0.009) in the distribution of ISTH DIC scores of the acute leukemia patients that met the criteria for diagnosis of DIC. Except for the elevated leukocyte count, a normal karyotype with NPM1 mutations or/and FLT3-ITD mutations was independently associated with the development of DIC in non-APL AML, characterized by significant PT prolongation and significantly elevated D-Dimers. The P210BCR-ABL1 transcript strongly predicted hypofibrinogenemia in B-ALL in the final multivariate model, but Philadelphia chromosome negatively affected elevated D-dimers. In conclusion, DIC occurrence and the coagulation profile were associated with the cytogenetics and mutations in acute leukemia.