Effort determination of cardiovascular response: An integrative analysis with applications in social psychology

This chapter provides an overview of the broader social psychological research community, the integrative cardiovascular (CV) response analysis and the body of evidence supporting it. The chapter also presents updates about previous reviews of evidence relevant to the integrative view; considers the motivational process in circumstances, involving challenges that are characterized as unfixed; and contrasts the integrative CV response perspective with some popular alternative CV response views. Furthermore, the chapter focuses on certain unresolved issues, analyzes the CV influence of specific social variables in the integrative terms, and identifies some social psychological studies that can be benefited by including CV measures in their research protocols. Over the years, the two themes that have been dominant concerning the psychological determination of CV response include firstly, where behavioral contingencies are positive, CV responsivity is proportional to the perceived value of incentives driving behavior; and secondly where at least some behavioral contingencies are negative; CV responsivity is proportional to subjective threat.