生物
胰岛素抵抗
胰岛素受体
胰岛素
斑马鱼
适应(眼睛)
内科学
内分泌学
遗传学
基因
神经科学
医学
作者
Misty R. Riddle,Ariel C. Aspiras,Karin Gaudenz,Robert Peuß,Jenny Y. Sung,Brian Martineau,Megan Peavey,Andrew Box,Julius A. Tabin,Suzanne E. McGaugh,Richard Borowsky,Clifford J. Tabin,Nicolas Rohner
出处
期刊:Nature
[Springer Nature]
日期:2018-03-21
卷期号:555 (7698): 647-651
被引量:211
摘要
Periodic food shortages are a major challenge faced by organisms in natural habitats. Cave-dwelling animals must withstand long periods of nutrient deprivation, as-in the absence of photosynthesis-caves depend on external energy sources such as seasonal floods. Here we show that cave-adapted populations of the Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, have dysregulated blood glucose homeostasis and are insulin-resistant compared to river-adapted populations. We found that multiple cave populations carry a mutation in the insulin receptor that leads to decreased insulin binding in vitro and contributes to hyperglycaemia. Hybrid fish from surface-cave crosses carrying this mutation weigh more than non-carriers, and zebrafish genetically engineered to carry the mutation have increased body weight and insulin resistance. Higher body weight may be advantageous in caves as a strategy to cope with an infrequent food supply. In humans, the identical mutation in the insulin receptor leads to a severe form of insulin resistance and reduced lifespan. However, cavefish have a similar lifespan to surface fish and do not accumulate the advanced glycation end-products in the blood that are typically associated with the progression of diabetes-associated pathologies. Our findings suggest that diminished insulin signalling is beneficial in a nutrient-limited environment and that cavefish may have acquired compensatory mechanisms that enable them to circumvent the typical negative effects associated with failure to regulate blood glucose levels.
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