阳极
材料科学
扩散
动力学
储能
电化学
碳纤维
离子
钠
纳米技术
化学工程
电极
分析化学(期刊)
物理化学
热力学
化学
复合材料
功率(物理)
物理
工程类
复合数
量子力学
有机化学
冶金
色谱法
作者
Xiuping Yin,Zhixiu Lu,Jing Wang,Xiaochen Feng,Swagata Roy,Xiangsi Liu,Yong Yang,Yufeng Zhao,Jiujun Zhang
标识
DOI:10.1002/adma.202109282
摘要
Efficient electrode materials, that combine high power and high energy, are the crucial requisites of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), which have unwrapped new possibilities in the areas of grid-scale energy storage. Hard carbons (HCs) are considered as the leading candidate anode materials for SIBs, however, the primary challenge of slow charge-transfer kinetics at the low potential region (<0.1 V) remains unresolved till date, and the underlying structure-performance correlation is under debate. Herein, ultrafast sodium storage in the whole-voltage-region (0.01-2 V), with the Na+ diffusion coefficient enhanced by 2 orders of magnitude (≈10-7 cm2 s-1 ) through rationally deploying the physical parameters of HCs using a ZnO-assisted bulk etching strategy is reported. It is unveiled that the Na+ adsorption energy (Ea ) and diffusion barrier (Eb ) are in a positive and negative linear relationship with the carbon p-band center, respectively, and balance of Ea and Eb is critical in enhancing the charge-storage kinetics. The charge-storage mechanism in HCs is evidenced through comprehensive in(ex) situ techniques. The as prepared HCs microspheres deliver a record high rate performance of 107 mAh g-1 @ 50 A g-1 and unprecedented electrochemical performance at extremely low temperature (426 mAh g-1 @ -40 °C).
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