Advances in protein analysis in single live cells: Principle, instrumentation and applications

Single cell analysis provides a unique window to examine the molecular events related to the mechanism and heterogeneity that constitute the central dogma of molecular biology. Monitoring the changes in abundance/activity of biomolecules in living cells is crucial for tracking cell signaling dynamics and studying cellular physiology. For single living cell analysis, both the detection method and the biocompatibility are critical factors to determine its feasibility. Technical advances have paved basis for exploring a better understanding of the intricacies in biological processes and provided new insights into complex biological systems. In this review, we survey the recent technical advances in protein analysis in single live cells and the representative applications that have led to better understanding of system biology. Finally, we brief the future directions and challenges of this field. • Technical advances in protein analysis in single live cells. • Platforms for protein interaction analysis in live cells. • Instrumental development for protein analytical in single live cells. • Biological applications in signaling pathway dynamics and cell fate decision.