摘要
Microfiber-based organoids (MFOs) attract increasing attention because the basic structures of the organisms contain various types of fiber-shaped cellular constructs such as muscle fibers, blood vessels, and neural pathways. As microcarriers for drugs, factors, and cells, hydrogel microfibers can be used to directly build MFOs. The use of cell-laden hydrogel microfibers (CLHMs) could facilitate nutrient diffusion and improve cell survival/development, further conductive to the formation of MFOs. To fabricate MFOs that are close to real tissues, CLHMs must mimic the biological, morphological, and mechanical properties of the natural tissues, so as the basic composition of CLHMs, the cell-laden microfibers should offer a cell-favorable environment for cell growth and functionalization. With advances in CLHM technology, the popular hydrogel fiber technologies, such as microfluidic coaxial bioprinting, coaxial nozzle-assisted bioprinting, as a result of their strong manufacturing capacity, have attracted more and more attention. These technologies can not only fabricate polymorphous MFOs directly but also assemble them in three dimensions, such as 3D bioweaving, 3D bioprinting. MFOs or 3D complex tissue models in vitro have many significant values, such as tissue development, pathologic/pharmacological study, drug screening, and tissue/organ repair in vivo. Moreover, organ-on-a-chip is another important research direction. Additionally, the CLHMs may become a standard-use product like woundplast, which can be stored for the long-term via cryopreservation with the same protocol as used for cells. It shows that CLHMs or MFOs can be developed as a novel type of organoid product, which will open more avenues for tissue engineering and clinical organ repair.