创造力
发散思维
创造性地解决问题
心理学
工作记忆
任务(项目管理)
认知心理学
对偶(语法数字)
过程(计算)
结合属性
收敛性思维
资源(消歧)
考试(生物学)
双重过程理论(道德心理学)
创造性思维
认知
社会心理学
计算机科学
数学
经济
神经科学
生物
管理
纯数学
古生物学
艺术
文学类
计算机网络
操作系统
作者
Wei‐Lun Lin,Yunn-Wen Lien
标识
DOI:10.1080/10400419.2013.752249
摘要
This study examined how working memory plays different roles in open-ended versus closed-ended creative problem-solving processes, as represented by divergent thinking tests and insight problem-solving tasks. With respect to the analysis of different task demands and the framework of dual-process theories, the hypothesis was that the idea generation in a divergent thinking test relies more on associative, effortless system 1 processing, but insight problem solving requires rule-based, resource-limited system 2 processing, in addition to system 1 processing. Since system 1 was suggested to be more active in resource deprivation conditions, Experiment 1 adopted the dual-task paradigm, which increased participants' working memory load. The results showed that divergent thinking performance was enhanced and insight problem-solving performance was hindered. Experiment 2 using the individual differences approach found that individuals' working memory capacity correlated with insight problem solving but not with divergent thinking performance, indicating a possible involvement of system 2 processing in insight problem solving. These findings suggested that open-ended and closed-ended creative problem solving involve different processes and helped to clarify some past inconsistencies when considering the relationship of factors with creativity.
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