Weight-Loss Diet Alone or Combined with Progressive Resistance Training Induces Changes in Association between the Cardiometabolic Risk Profile and Abdominal Fat Depots

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> A weight-loss diet alone or combined with a progressive resistance training program induced different adaptations on cardiometabolic risk, i.e. regional changes in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volume distribution patterns. We hypothesized that a heterogeneous adipose tissue metabolism may exist between visceral fat at different discal levels. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Thirty-four obese women, aged 40–60 years, were randomized to three groups: a control group (n = 9), a diet group (WL; n = 12) with a caloric restriction of 500 kcal/day during 16 weeks, or a diet-plus-resistance-training group (WL+RT; n = 13) with the same caloric restriction and a 16-week resistance training of 2 sessions per week. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The association pattern between abdominal fat depots and glucose metabolism variables showed a change from the L4-L5 region (preintervention) to VAT L2-L3 and SAT L2-L3 in the WL and WL+RT groups, respectively. It is noteworthy that accumulation of fat in the midthigh was not characterized by a more favorable lipid profile or glucose metabolism. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our results reinforce the importance of considering L2-L3 images to predict insulin resistance after a weight-loss diet, alone or combined with resistance training.