Macrophage polarization and function with emphasis on the evolving roles of coordinated regulation of cellular signaling pathways

巨噬细胞极化 细胞生物学 生物 趋化因子 信号转导 细胞信号 巨噬细胞炎性蛋白 巨噬细胞 炎症 免疫学 体外 遗传学
作者
Dexi Zhou,Cheng Zhi Huang,Zhen Lin,Shuxiang Zhan,Lingna Kong,Chengbo Fang,Jun Li
出处
期刊:Cellular Signalling [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:26 (2): 192-197 被引量:701
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.11.004
摘要

Monocytes/macrophages are heterogeneous and versatile cells that could undergo their phenotypically/functionally dynamic switch in response to the microenvironment signals. Two major macrophage subpopulations with different functions which represent extreme of a continuum in a universe of activation states, including classically activated/inflammatory (M1) and alternatively activated/regenerative (M2) macrophages, have long been recognized. Emerging evidence through genetic or pharmacologic approaches has now been made in defining the actual fate in vivo and in vitro underlying M1 or M2-like polarized activation under physiological and pathological conditions. These cells are characterized by their expression of cell surface markers, secreted cytokines and chemokines, and transcription and epigenetic pathways. Here in this review, we shed new light on the contribution of several major signaling pathways and their modulators/targets involved in directing the macrophage plasticity and polarized function, assess the mechanisms of macrophage polarization by interacting endogenous cellular mechanisms and molecules associated with reciprocal skewing of macrophage polarization between the M1 and M2 states. The identification of mechanisms underlying functional polarization of macrophages into M1 or M2 cells might provide new insights into a basis for macrophage-centered diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for multiple diseases.
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