医学
血脂异常
胰岛素抵抗
糖尿病
家族史
2型糖尿病
2型糖尿病
糖耐量受损
高胰岛素血症
肥胖
妊娠期糖尿病
内科学
风险因素
代谢综合征
内分泌学
空腹血糖受损
怀孕
生物
妊娠期
遗传学
作者
Barbara Fletcher,Meg Gulanick,Cindy Lamendola
标识
DOI:10.1097/00005082-200201000-00003
摘要
Genetic, environmental, and metabolic risk factors are interrelated and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A strong family history of diabetes mellitus, age, obesity, and physical inactivity identify those individuals at highest risk. Minority populations are also at higher risk, not only because of family history and genetics, but also because of adaptation to American environmental influences of poor dietary and exercise habits. Women with a history of gestational diabetes as well as their children are at greater risk for progressing to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance increases a person's risk for developing impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Individuals who have insulin resistance share many of the same risk factors as those with type 2 diabetes. These include hyperinsulinemia, atherogenic dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, hypertension, prothrombic state, hyperuricemia, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Current interventions for the prevention and retardation of type 2 diabetes mellitus are those targeted towards modifying environmental risk factors such as reducing obesity and promoting physical activity. Awareness of risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes will promote screening, early detection, and treatment in high-risk populations with the goal of decreasing both microvascular and macrovascular complications.
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