Phenotype and energy metabolism differ between osteoarthritic chondrocytes from male compared to female patients: Implications for sexual dimorphism in osteoarthritis development?

OA chondrocyte phenotype and energy metabolism differ between males and females. Our results indicate transcriptional control of COL2A1 differs between the two. Differences in chondrocyte biology between males and females imply the underlying mechanisms involved in OA may also differ, highlighting the need to consider sex and gender when investigating pathogenesis and potential treatments for OA.