Polymeric surfactants represent a distinctive class of amphiphilic compounds that combine the versatility of polymers with the surfactant properties crucial for interfacial phenomena. This research article will focus on the basis of polymeric surfactants and their applications in various domains. Characterisation techniques, including spectroscopy, microscopy, and rheology, are employed to elucidate polymeric surfactants' structural features and self-assembly behaviour. Understanding these characteristics is pivotal for optimising their performance in diverse applications. The applications of polymeric surfactants span a broad spectrum, focusing on their use in emulsion polymerisation, drug delivery, enhanced oil recovery, and environmental remediation. Their unique structure imparts advantages such as improved stability, controlled release, and enhanced efficiency in various processes.