Chemical Composition of Achillea millefolium L. and Their Anti‐Inflammatory Activity

A new monoterpene, (-)-10-hydroxydihydroactinidiolide (1), along with two known monoterpenes, loliolide (2) and (+)-isololiolide (3), three known megastigmanes, 3α-hydroxy-5β,6β-epoxy-β-ionone (4), 3α-hydroxy-5α,6α-epoxy-β-ionone (5), and (+)-dehydrovomifoliol (6), a eudesmane-type sesquiterpene, 4α-hydroxy-4β-methyldihydrocostol (7), a monoterpene, 8-hydroxycarvotanacetone (8), two flavonoids, chrysoeriol (9) and apigenin (10), and a phenylpropanoid, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol (11), were isolated from the whole plant of Achillea millefolium. The structure of compound 1 was identified according to spectroscopic data of HRMS and NMR, and its absolute configuration was assigned by