AI dogs vs. real dogs and human-like robots: clarification, conceptualization, and applications in tourism and hospitality settings

Purpose This study aims to conceptualize the characteristics of artificial intelligence (AI) dogs while exploring their applications in tourism and hospitality settings. Design/methodology/approach The total of 30 in-depth interviews were conducted, and data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings This study proposed differences between AI dogs and real dogs and human-like robots, core characteristics of AI dogs’ functions, a matrix of appearance and expectation regarding intelligence for AI dogs and human-like robots, the relationship between ethical barriers and task complexity, adoptions of AI dogs in different user segments and practical applications in hospitality and tourism settings, such as restaurants, city tour guides, extended-stay resorts and event organizations. Research limitations/implications This research advances the field of tourism and hospitality studies by introducing the new concept of AI dogs and their practical applications. This present study adds new insights into the opportunities and contexts of human–robot interaction in the field of tourism and hospitality. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research is one of the first studies of AI dogs in tourism and hospitality.