Optimization of CNN using modified Honey Badger Algorithm for Sleep Apnea detection

Sleep Apnea (SA) is the most prevalent breathing sleep problem, and if left untreated, it can lead to catastrophic neurological and cardiovascular illnesses. Conventionally, polysomnography (PSG) is used to diagnose SA. Nonetheless, this approach necessitates several electrodes, cables, and a professional to oversee the experiment. A promising alternative is using a single-channel signal for SA diagnosis, with the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal being among the most relevant and easily recordable. Recently, a convolutional neural network (CNN) has been used to extract efficient features from training data instead of manually selecting characteristics from ECG. However, selecting the best hyperparameter values for CNN can be challenging due to the vast number of possibilities. To address this, we propose a modified Honey Badger Algorithm (MHBA) combined with three improvement initiatives: quasi-opposition learning, arbitrary weighting agent, and adaptive mutation method. Our approach is evaluated on the Physionet Apnea ECG database, consisting of 70 single-lead ECG recordings annotated by qualified medical professionals. The experiments show that the MHBA outperforms traditional CNN and machine learning methods with an accuracy of 91.3%, AUC of 97.5%, specificity of 93.6%, and sensitivity of 90.1%. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the MHBA for SA detection.