Combination biologic therapy in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: Safety and efficacy over a minimum 12‐month follow‐up period

Abstract Objectives The severe course of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) refractory to advanced therapies in children results in the search for new therapeutic methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dual therapy with biologics in a cohort of children with IBD. Methods Retrospective analysis of data from 29 children with a diagnosis of IBD, 19 with ulcerative colitis (66%), 10 with Crohn's disease (CD) (34%) qualified for dual biological therapy (DBT). The median age of patients was five (interquartile range [IQR], 1–15) years at diagnosis of IBD and 14 (IQR, 3–17) years at eligibility for dual therapy. Thirteen (45%) patients were treated with vedolizumab/adalimumab (VDZ + ADA), 13 (45%) with ustekinumab/adalimumab (UST + ADA), three (10%) with infliximab/vedolizumab (IFX + VDZ). Results Clinical remission was achieved in 13 (45%; seven UC and six CD) and 12 (41%; seven UC and five CD) Pediatric Weighted Crohn's Disease Activity Index (wPCDAI)/Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI) patients after 4 and 12 months at the initiation of dual therapy. Clinical response based on wPCDAI/PUCAI was reported in 16 (55%; nine UC and seven CD) and 12 (41% seven UC and five CD) children after 4 and 12 months of follow‐up, respectively. The median fecal calprotectin decreased significantly from 1240 µg/g (53–10,100) to 160 µg/g (5–2500; p = 0.004) between baseline and Month 4 and from 749 at baseline (57–10,100) to 17 (5–3110; p = 0.12) over 12 months. Moreover, 34% (six UC and four CD) of patients achieved endoscopic remission. Conclusions DBT seems to be an effective alternative therapeutic option for patients with moderate and severe IBD.