Dual environmental regulations and corporate environmental violations

This study identifies the impact of dual environmental regulations on corporate environmental violations using Chinese A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2020. The results reveal that both formal and informal environmental regulation significantly inhibit the environmental violations of enterprises, and there is a complementary effect between formal and informal environmental regulation on violations. Moreover, the mechanism test shows that the above effects are based on the channel of ESG disclosure willingness and ESG performance. The effects are stronger in firms with high total factor productivity, low market competition, and low executive green cognition.