A “nanofiber membrane-microarray hydrogel” dual-module structure for thermal-solar-electric energy conversion

Developing a green and three energy-driven portable small electronic device that not only relies on electricity is becoming an imperative trend and symbolizing the critical development direction in the future electronic equipment field. To actualize the breakthrough of multifunctional materials in the development path of integrated electronic technology, we insightfully propose an innovative scheme, ingeniously combining the lightweight nano-membrane and high elastomer hydrogel and imaginatively fabricated a "membrane-hydrogel" dual-module structure in coaxial electrospinning, liquid-phase polymerization, and eco-friendly freeze-thaw cycle methods, gathering thermal energy, solar energy, and piezoresistive sensing thanks to phase-transition paraffin, polypyrrole (PPy), and Silver nanowires (AgNWs), respectively. AgNWs collaborate with PPy to increase thermal conduction pathways, enhance photothermal conversion ability, and remarkably improve the conductivity of PW/PPy/Pg@Ag (σ=0.148 S m−1), in particular, the microarray structure at the hydrogel bottom endows it an ultra-high piezoresistive response range (440.6 kPa), tremendously inspiring the advanced dual-module material design strategy and paving the way for the multifunctional expanding of electronic devices that can attach thermal energy, solar energy, and electrical energy.